Comparing The Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah and the Flood Essay -- Book o

Comparing The Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah and the Flood It is said that life is 10% what you make it and 90% how you take it. It is not the circumstances of life that determine a person's character. Rather, it is the way a character responds to those circumstances that provides a display of who he is. "From the Epic of Gilgamesh", as translated by N.K. Sandars, and "Noah and the Flood" from the Book of Genesis, both Gilgamesh and Noah face similar circumstances, but don’t always respond to them the same way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accepting immortality and the ultimate powerlessness to be in control of death's inevitability is something that both Gilgamesh and Noah encounter. Gilgamesh faces the death of his closest companion, Enkidu, with hopelessness, fear, and anger. "In his bitterness he cried, 'How can I be at peace? Despair is in my heart. What my brother is now, that I shall be when I am dead. '" (p. 141) To Siduri's questioning, Gilgamesh responds, "Because of my brother I am afraid of death, because of my brother I stray through the wilderness and cannot rest." (p. 144) Noah, faced with the impending death of everyone except his own family and the pairs of creatures joining him in the ark, is unquestioning and obedient in following God's instructions. After the instructions about the animals that he is to take into the ark, "Noah did so; just as God commanded him, so he did." (p. 172) When God tells Noah that He will blot out all of creation in forty days and forty nights, "†¦ Noa...

Latin American History Essay

According to Chasteen (2006), Latin America can be regarded as either having a single history or not. The twenty countries can be said to have a common history due to them being similar in more ways than one. When looked at from a different perspective, they can also be said not to have a single history because these countries’ history cannot be accurately and fully described in one story. This article will explore Chasteens’ views with the aim of establishing if his views are accurate. Jose Maria Caicedo was the first one to refer to this geographical region as ‘Latin America† The introduction of this name encompassed both the Spaniards and French speaking people occupying the lands. Latin America is comprised of countries found in the south of the United States of America and maybe sub-divided into regions namely; Carribean, Central America, South America and North America. Latin America is the 4th largest Continent on planet Earth. History shows that the entry and exit of regions into and out of Latin America was a gradual transition that cannot be traced to specific dates. One common feature of these countries is the European conquest and colonization. Christopher Columbus arrived there in 1942, consequently opening them up to the world. Eventually, the region was taken over by European powers comprised of Portugal and Spain, who introduced diseases such as small pox in order to weaken the indigenous populace. Many died, while the survivors were subjected to forced labor. Eventually independence was attained between 1810 and 1830 through a string of freedom fighters. The Latin American republics also share a religion because during the period of colonization, the Roman Catholic Church was introduced in order to override the traditions of the natives. It became the major economic – political power and the authorized religion of the land. Most of the republics of Latin America, spoke the languages of romance, which were French and Spanish, with Spanish being the main dialect. Another language that was spoken is Portuguese. These dialects existed because these countries were colonized by Spain and Portugal. Some countries e. g. Guyane speak English, Suriname speaks Dutch and Brasilia speaks Portuguese. The Latin American nations possess a rich ethnicity in the make-up of the populace. We find the Amerindians who are the Aborigins, then there are the Blacks who were slaves brought in from Africa, the Asians who were traders from Japan and China, Mestizos were as a result of inter-marriage between the Europeans and the Amerindians and the Mulattoes from marriages between Europeans and Africans. The Whites were composed of the Spaniards and French and last but not least were the Zambos who came up as a result of mixed marriages between Africans and Amerindians. Another common trait was the signing of the International Human Rights Treaties by the 20 Latin American countries and the 28 Post Communist countries. The treaties addressed civil liberties, freedoms of speech, assembly, association, movement, religion and the independence of courts. Civil liberties of Latin American countries had been smothered by the Communist rule, which eventually collapsed between 1989 and 1991. Human rights and democratic self governance rights significantly improved across the countries after the fall of communism. This improvement was triggered by the increased shining of the spotlight on conduction of open and just elections. Personal integrity privileges remained explosive as they were for the most part affected by the struggle involving government and guerrilla movements. Crowley (1993) says the rights experienced a stunted improvement but nevertheless started showing progress as from 1991. The Latin American countries went through a state of dependency and neo-colonialism. Grandin (2004) wrote that in order to safeguard its economic interest, USA provided fiscal, military and moral support to the non-independent countries. Liberalization was initiated from 1989, though the Soviet and Yugoslav conflict continuously hindered growth. However, progress could by 1993 because there were more liberal and semi-liberal countries, and an increased show of respect for individuals’ rights to own property. In conclusion, it can be said that not only are the Latin American countries unified geographically, but across the cultural, economic, religious and historical background. Their masters without knowing united these countries, creating a wealthy people, empowered to transform their continent into a resourceful and culturally rich continent. References Chasteen J. C. (2006). Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin America. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. Crowley, W. and Timothy P. (1991). Guerrillas and Revolution in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes since 1956. New Jersey: Princeton: Princeton University Press. Grandin, G. (2004). The Last Colonial Massacre: Latin America in the Cold War. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

The Five Levels Of Leadership Essay - 886 Words

The Five Levels Of Leadership By Nick Pollice Jun 30, 2011 Becoming an effective leader is a lot like being in the stock market. You don t make your fortune in a day; you make it daily, a little bit at a time. What matters most is what you do day after day, over the long haul. The secret to leadership success is investing in your leadership development, much like letting your assets compound. The final result is Leadership Growth over time. Leaders aren t born; their made. The process of leadership is long, complicated and has made elements. Respect, dignity, discipline, people skills, vision, emotional strength, opportunity, preparedness and experience are just some of the intangible elements which come into play when talking leadership. We can, over a period of time, increase our leadership potential if we can understand and accept the five levels of leadership. They are: Level One - Leadership From Position This is the basic level of leadership. At this level people follow you because they have to. Your ability to lead people is totally geared to your position and does not exceed beyond the lines of your job description or the authority granted to you by the company and your boss. Your security with the company is based on title and position, not talent. To be an effective leader at this level know your job, be prepared to accept responsibility, exercise authority with caution, assess the strengths and short comings of your people, do more than what isShow MoreRelatedThe Five Levels Of Leadership Book Summary1034 Words   |  5 PagesVincent A. Sarnelli Region 20: Brad Tomphson 14 September 2017 The Five Levels of Leadership Book Summary This book starts as leadership tool to grade the reader’s status of leadership. As follows it grades the reader’s own personal level of leadership. Currently, I am a level two leader. I’m good at working with people to develop care and value, I really enjoy my position because I care for my team. I build good relationships with theRead MoreHow Successful People Lead By John C. Maxwell1516 Words   |  7 Pageswant to read and learn more about the authors perspective on leadership. John C. Maxwell is a #1 New York Times bestselling author, coach, and speaker who has sold more than 25 million books in 50 languages. In 2014 he was identified as the #1 leader in business by the American Management Association ® and the most influential leadership expert in the world by Business Insider and Inc. magazine. He has also been voted the top leadership professional in the world on LeadershipGurus.net for six consecutiveRead MoreWhy I Chose This Book1524 Words   |  7 Pagesread and learn more about the authors perspective on leadership. John C. Maxwell John C. Maxwell is a #1 New York Times bestselling author, coach, and speaker who has sold more than 25 million books in 50 languages. In 2014 he was identified as the #1 leader in business by the American Management Association ® and the most influential leadership expert in the world by Business Insider and Inc. magazine. He has also been voted the top leadership professional in the world on LeadershipGurus.net forRead More5 Levels of Leadership998 Words   |  4 Pages% THE FIVE LEVELS OF LEADERSHIP. ‘an adaptation from the work of John Maxwell the leadership skills of Darek Nowakowski† Becoming an effective leader is a lot like being in the stock market. You don’t make your fortune in a day; you make it daily, a little bit at a time. What matters most is what you do day after day, over the long haul. The secret to leadership success is investing in your leadership development, much like letting your assets compound. The final result is â€Å"Leadership Growth†Read MoreThe Transformational Leadership Approach Based On Command And Control1625 Words   |  7 Pagesstyle of leadership an organization’s leadership uses has a significant effect on the organization. What leaders do and how they do it matters. A transactional leadership approach based on command and control is not effective at addressing the change organizations face. The transformational leadership approach developed in The Leadership Challenge, through the strong and consistent use of the Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership provides organizations with a proven strategic leadershi p approachRead MoreEffective Leadership Skills Among Tutors1610 Words   |  7 Pagesvolume of literature on the need for effective leadership skills among tutors in order to promote student learning through quality instruction. As mentioned in the previous chapter, this realization is significant for many reasons. As such, this chapter reinforces the research question through a critical analysis of the existing literature with the aim of coming up with a different line of thought. As such, the study could offer a new dimension of leadership perception that is appropriate in fosteringRead MoreSocial Power And Influence On The Leadership Style Using The Taxonomy Of Power Identified By French And Raven Cited912 Words   |  4 Pages3.2 Power and influence Having identified an autocratic leadership style using the taxonomy of power identified by French and Raven cited in Hughes, Ginnett Curphy (2015) where power is divided into five separate and distinct forms; will be used to evaluate how EM uses power and influence with followers given different situations. It has been argued, when a formal leader is heightened by a subjective sense of power there is a tendency for domination over discussions and interactionsRead MoreLeadership Analysis : Joan Gallos Compiles A Collection Of Authors That Examines The Integral Parts Of Leadership Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Joan Gallos compiles a collection of authors that examines the integral parts of leadership. Gallos constructed the work to assist leaders with leadership development. The book is divided into five parts that seek to equip leaders with tools and information to enhance a leader’s success. The five-part arrangement consist: Framing the issue, leadership preparation, anticipating challenges, making it happen, and sustaining the leader. Hence, integrating the concepts presented willRead MoreOrganizational Change Essays1078 Words   |  5 Pagesspecialize in helping corporate leaders initiative positive change in their organizational culture. One such firm, Change Management Solutions, Inc., (CMS) uses a five-step change model, which encompasses contemporary collective and collaborative theories and models of change and change leadership. The firm considers culture, organizational leadership, and change planning as essential tools to prevent â€Å"becoming one of the 75% of businesses who fail at change.† (Puelo, n.d.) Similar to the design of theRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Leadership Skills Among Tutors1597 Words   |  7 Pagesthe importance of effective leadership skills among tutors in order to promote student learning through quality instruction. As mentioned in the previous chapter, the realization of quality instruction is significant for many reasons. As such, this chapter reinforces the research question through a critical analysis of the existing literature with the aim of coming up with a different line of thought concerning leadership. The study could offer a new dimension of leadership perception that is appropriate

Essay on 3-D Diorama Of the Novel Night by Eli Wiesel

This 3-D diorama illustrates a significant scene in the novel Night. This story originated during the First World War in Sighet, Hungary. The Nazis were in power and they wanted to exterminate the Jewish population; this was referred to as the Holocaust. The religious town of Sighet has not been raided yet, so they’re expecting for the best. The main characters are Elizer and his father. Sadly, the Nazis reach Sighet and gather the Jews. They could only bring what they could carry, so homes and other valuables were left alone. In this scene, the Jewish population of the small town are being deported to Auschwitz. Auschwitz was the first concentration camp they were sent to, so this was going to have a huge impact on their lives. In the†¦show more content†¦The significant colors used are red and black within the scene. There are ruthless officers in the camp covered with blood from the assassinated victims. There is a huge crematorium where people would be burned afte r being killed. There is a red light inside to symbolize blood, screams and death. There are gray ashes rising from the crematorium and these are the only remains of the dead. The cattle car has just reached the Auschwitz station and the officers are preparing for a new batch of Jews. This scene shows the transition between the present and future. Furthermore, it illustrates what the victims of the Holocaust had to lose and endure for several years during the Great War. This scene (selection 2) illustrates an important twist in the beginning of the novel I have incorporated many presentation techniques to further enhance my diorama. For example, my presentation uses many literary devices such as mood, juxtapositions, allusions, imagery and symbols. On the stage, there are two different scenes. One half illustrates Sighet and the other illustrates the Auschwitz station. Firstly, the outside of my shoebox contains two dominant colors: black and white. On one side, it is completely black on the exterior. Black is commonly associated with power, death, struggles and many other negative aspects. This technique better illustrates the literary term imagery. The Nazis were in power and they violently killed the

College Tuition Should Be Free - 1165 Words

College Tuition Should be Free By: Alonzo Myers 29 February 2016 Gardner-Webb University Dr. Lisa Cantrell English 101 Thesis: College tuition should be free because the number of students in debt after they complete college is extremely high. Outline I. Introduction II. Statistics III. Opposition IV. Conclusion Introduction All over America there are students who go off to visit amazing schools that they think are for them, then they start narrowing down their choices and come to a final decision of the college that suits them. The students apply get accepted and bam the bill comes and either they are rich enough to just pay for school straight out, they got a full ride through sports or academics, they collect a lot of scholarship money, or in most cases they take out a bunch of loans. That is where the problem lies. Yes students are thinking of their education and wanting to better themselves but they are also putting their selves under a lot of pressure. After a student graduates they either get a job in their field or search for a job endlessly with loan repayments sneaking up on them. We all know at least one person who seems to be struggling even though they graduated from college and have a job. It’s because they have to provide for their family which is comprised of providing : food, a home to live in, paying the water bill, paying the light bill, paying taxes off their paychecks, then trying to pay the loan company back before they come andShow MoreRelatedShould College Tuition Be Free?1105 Words   |  5 Pagesget into higher education? College itself is very expensive and puts a financial burden on families.In Europe as well as many other places around the world college is free which allows all sorts of kids to attend. In addition to this, many people do not have the motivation and or desire to reach a upper class of education in college. If we are able to incorporate free tuition in colleges, this would enable families and students to attend. College tuition should be free because families cannot affordRead MoreCollege Tuition Should Be Free Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesCollege Tuition Should Be Free For All Students College tuition should be free because even with a good degree it is hard for students to overcome the crippling debt of college tuition. High tuition prices are also an obstacle that keeps out those without access to affordable education, even though they may be great candidates who may do well in college and head their field in the future. The current system displays several flaws. The government should put the money slotted for financial aid intoRead MoreShould College Tuition Be Free?1115 Words   |  5 Pagestoday’s society is that college tuition should be free or if not free, more affordable for all students. Certainly, higher education should not be considered a luxury where only the wealthy could afford, but an opportunity for all caste systems. It must be an accessible and affordable opportunity for all students in order for them to invest in their education. Higher education is important because it provides more careers to choose from than the careers offered witho ut having a college degree. UltimatelyRead MoreCollege Free Tuition Should Not Be Free971 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Free Tuition Education is one of the best ways to succeed; however not everyone has access to it and not everyone has the opportunity to have a degree. After high school a lot of students drop out because the college tuitions are too expensive; they can’t afford them. A couple weeks ago, president Obama came with a proposition in which to make community college free for students because more jobs will require a degree in the future. The program will concern the students who are serious.Read MoreCollege Should Offer Free Tuition867 Words   |  4 PagesHaving a college degree is considered to a vital part of being successful in today’s day and age. College degrees are really expensive, but in a long run they really pay off. College can be a big financial burden so with that being said, in my opinion, I think community college should offer free tuition with some sort of standards to be eligible for free tuition. President Barack Obama conveyed a speech at Macomb Community College in Warren, Michigan this past September. President Obama proposedRead MoreShould College Tuition Be Free? America? Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pages Why should college tuition be free in America? The majority of students who graduate leave their alma mater with two things: a degree and a large sum of debt. The current student debt in America is 1.2 trillion dollars. Graduate students account for nearly 40 percent of this debt. From 1985 to 2007 the amount of student debt increased by 7.9 percent. In 1994 the average student borrowed eleven thousand dollars for school. By 2014, however, that figure had increased to thirty-five thousand dollarsRead MoreShould Community College Tuition Be Free?875 Words   |  4 PagesMy immediate response is yes, of course I want community college tuition to be free but then I realized I am already in my second year this will not apply to me. As I further ponder over it I can not help but to think on what terms would this be under. Will you have to have a certain GPA? Will it only be available to us citizens? Will there be a age stipulation? There is a number of factors that can be put on this â⠂¬Å"Free Tuition†. It sounds like an amazing offer be is it really? After hearing theRead MoreCommunity College Education Should Not Be Tuition Free998 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity College Education Should Not Be Tuition Free Every year, millions of students graduate from high school and consider studying in community college. The main reason for them to choose community colleges over four-year universities is the affordable tuition, or they have undecided majors for their careers. Unfortunately, an academic article published in 2014 â€Å"How to Help College Students Graduate,† Kirp demonstrated, â€Å"American students are enrolling college in record numbers, but they areRead MoreShould The Federal Government Should Allow Free College Tuition And The Effects And Consequences Of Doing900 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to have a decent job it is believed that one must attend college and submerge with a degree. It is exactly why most people in the states pursue higher education, a key component to possess financial security. The task at hand has become a challenging achievement, now more than ever, as a result of skyrocketing tuition cost. It causes students to take out massive loans which, at t imes, cannot be returned and therefore creating billions in debt for the United States. The idea that studentRead MoreShould Taxpayers Fund College Tuition? No?909 Words   |  4 PagesAnna Lis Professor Holly Boux Political Science 103 December 1st, 2015 Should Taxpayers Fund College Tuition? No Dear Representative John Kline, Executive Summary: In the United States, college should remain an accessible opportunity for Americans. Any one who is willing to put in the hard work and effort to make their future better, should be secured an education. A college education is important to one s future and can make a huge difference in how successful someone can become.

Case Conceptualization free essay sample

Assessment is a practice that is utilized to determine diagnosis and treatment planning. Altman, Briggs, Frankel, Gensler, and Pantone (2002) connected the â€Å"relational assessment† practice to the diagnosis and treatment planning. The above authors agreed that for effective therapy and appropriate diagnosis to happen, the treatment plan must be appropriate and relational; so that modifications and adaptations can be adjusted as needed. The goal in assessment and case conceptualization must produce complete findings; therefore multiple forms of assessments are to utilized, as to accommodate each individual person in therapy. Planning and Cultural Sensitivity to Avoid Misdiagnosis To safeguard from cultural biases in the assessment process the â€Å"whole person† must be viewed in the therapeutic process (Briggs, 2002). As a counselor, one must be culturally competent and aware of others’ backgrounds. In order for a counselor to better understand the clients’ background, the necessary information would be needed prior to testing. Also paying close attention to the clients’ native language as it could pose inconsistencies if given in an unnatural tongue (Rodriquez, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Case Conceptualization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It should go without saying that an effective and competent therapist will be aware of professional standards and ethics involved in the assessment of a culturally diverse population; by being aware of their own ethnic understanding. Rodriquez (2000) further stresses the need to avoid misdiagnoses by utilizing alternative assessment measures. Research has suggested a clear therapeutic alliance, correct diagnosis and less stress exhibited by clients, when valid information is collected (Gensler, 2002). There has been an assumption that counselors whom falsify information for clients to get better managed care, have done so that they will receive better service; primarily because the insurance has reimbursed (Smart amp; Smart, 1997). However, looking at the bigger picture there are so many ethical dilemmas with counselor’s having such practices that the APA frowns upon. Diagnostic findings should include intellectual assessment measures and nonverbal implements that are unbiased. Diagnostic findings must be used with caution when defining categories and management planning because someone’s life is at stake. Conclusions The assessment process, diagnostic information and conceptualization are equally important as they work hand in hand. The culture that we serve must be handled with caution and ethical, competent, behavior set forth by the APA. Reiterating what was previously stated, I believe it is of the utmost importance to make sure that this process including, but not limited to therapy are comprehensive and ethnically sensitive. Understanding the clients’ weaknesses, strengths, indicators and culturally specific goals is outlined in the APA guidelines. This is an area that I feel causes numerous problems not only in counseling but education as well. I feel that sometimes it is assumed that counseling is a â€Å"one size fits all†. It is my goal to make counseling specific, concise, and culturally literate when dealing with the clients that I serve.

Managing Supply Chain of Nokia

History and Background of the Company Nokia Corporation is a Finland based company that primarily deals with the manufacture of mobile telephones. The company’s brand product is the Nokia phones. The success of the Nokia Company is largely attributed to its best management in supply chain practices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Supply Chain of Nokia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This project will tend to analyze the supply-chain management practices at the Nokia Corporation. It gives a vivid description of how the company is enhancing its efficiency in a supply chain so as to counteract the impact of reduced market demand of mobile phone handsets. Nokia is the number one producer of mobile phone devices in the world, and its supply chain has been rated as number six in the ranking of world’s top 25 companies in the world in terms of their supply chain. Nokia Company was founded in 186 5 as a paper milling plant, and it was until 1982 that it began producing mobile phones. Nokia Corporation has 15 mobile manufacturing plants that are spread in nine countries. Their plants are found in the following countries: Brazil, Romania, South Korea, Finland, China India, Mexico, Hungary and Great Britain. Its mother depot is located in Gurgaon. The mother company provides help in the selection of market partners like distributors and dealers; it also provides monetary privileges to its priority dealers in order to assist in promotion of the Nokia products on a larger scale (Scribd, 2011). Supply-chain management is defined as the totality of all activities that are involved in the delivery of company products to the customer. This process involves the sourcing of raw materials, assembling of the raw materials to form the finished products, warehousing, distribution and delivery of the final product. Nokia operates two business groups, Nokia mobile phones and Nokia networks. The company provides wireless communication products and services. Nokia supplies equipment and communication services all over the globe. Nokia is considered as a leading international communication company which focuses its operations on wireless and wire line telecommunication areas (Shah 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is the pioneer of digital technology and wireless data communications network; its innovativeness enhances its competitiveness and telecommunication network growth. Nokia is listed in four stock exchange markets (Nokia Website, 2011). Overview of its Supply Chain Supply chain of an organization is the system of all the activities and resources that are involved in transferring a product from the supplier to the consumers, it is the transformation of the raw materials and the components into finished goods, which are ready for use by the customer. Market analysts associate the success of the Nokia Corporation to its best supply chain practices. The supply chain of Nokia Corporation is an integrated one with â€Å"intertwined suppliers, manufacturing plants, contract manufacturers, sales and logistics service providers and the ultimate consumers† (Kalra, 2011, p. 3). The company has entered into a relationship with its suppliers while supporting them in their processes. Nokia has been in a better position to keep the prices of its products low due to its efficient manufacturing system and production processes. Nokia Corporation has adopted a hybrid system of manufacturing, which is a combination of both in-house and outsourcing manufacturing. To enhance its competitiveness, the company has incorporated smart manufacturing techniques in its manufacturing facilities. The company’s distribution network is wide, and this has enhanced its ability to reach the majority of its consumers. Nokia stands far much ahead whe n compared with other companies, particularly in regional outsourcing and its unique feature of collaborating with the suppliers to form an organized design of the supply chain (Cavinato, Flynn, Kauffman, 2006). Nokia has a complex supply chain which has the capacity to handle approximately 100 billion components, together with sixty strategic suppliers and ten manufacturing plants globally. Nokia Corporation established its supply-chain management (SCM) transformation in the year 1995, and it was aimed at replacing its inventory with information, which could create a pull driven supply chain that was integrated to link the suppliers, production plants, telecommunication operators, distribution partners, sales offices, financial institutions, contract manufacturer logistics providers and ultimately, the consumers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Supply Chain of Nokia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Th is was aimed at creating an efficient network of supply that can provide solutions to customer expectations (Nokia Website, 2011). The secret to the success of Nokia Corporation lies in its creation of value-oriented partnership with the suppliers, which is guided by true information, trust and better leadership, which are realized through its principle of collaboration. Nokia has suppliers all over the world and its base suppliers are in countries like Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Morocco and Canada among other many more countries. Nokia embraces supplier diversity, which ranks top on its corporate responsibility. The company only spends on those suppliers who can contribute to the economic prosperity of the company. The company has developed its set of Nokia Supplier requirements that encompass environmental and social demands and are based on international standards (Kalra, 2011). Supply chain is an important operation area for Nokia. It is considered as an instrument towards the realization of the competitive nature of the company. Nokia places emphasis on the efficiency of the demand and the supply network which may be significant in the achievement of ever increasing demand for the Nokia products. Proximity of cooperation between the customers and the suppliers is a central organ of its development principles. Cooperation also promotes diversity in the supply chain (Burt, Petcavage Pinkerton, 2010). Organizational Structure The organizational structure of Nokia is that of four business groups and two horizontal groups. In this kind of organizational structure, the four business groups are: mobile phones, multimedia, enterprise solutions and its networks while the two horizontal groups are customer and market operations and the technological platform. This organizational structure is illustrated by the diagram below.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More (Nokia Website, 2011) Overview of new-product development Process The development of new Nokia product in the market can be demonstrated in the following stages: In Nokia Corporation, it is believed that the life cycle of a market product is two years after which another product is originated and hence the development of a new product is carried out concurrently with the research and the design of the new product. Stage one: generation of the idea; the idea may be from internal or external source. Internal ideas may emanate from the research and development department, while the external sources of ideas may originate from competitors, customers suppliers or distributors. Stage two: screening of the idea; in every preceding stage in product development, the price may be high, and it is therefore imperative that any idea that is poor should be eliminated. It is at this stage that all the ideas are evaluated to allow for elimination of unworthy ones. Stage three: generation and testi ng of the concept; concept development enhances the creation of the exact version of the idea as explained in meaningful terms. It is at this stage that the consumers are asked to evaluate the concept. Stage four: marketing strategy; this stage involves mapping out the target market as well as positioning the product in readiness for the market. Consequently, the price of the product, distribution strategy and marketing is mapped out at this stage. All analysis regarding the product is undertaken at this stage. Stage five: business analysis; at this stage, the sales, costs and the projection of profit are analyzed. Stage six: product development. The typical development of the product and its testing are done at this stage. Stage seven: marketing test; three market tests are undertaken at this stage. These are: standard test marketing, simulation marketing and the controlled test markets. Stage eight: commercialization; this stage involves the presentation of the product into the ma rket (Scribd, 2011). Nokia Corporation places a lot of interest on the transformation aspect of its production. The Corporation emphasizes on the production of new and diverse products so as to make them competitive in the market. There are circumstances where a phone can be available in more than 170 different kinds. The operations’ philosophy that has supported the complex nature of its production is to think locally and acts globally, which implies that the company balances localized decision-making with its objective of global planning. How the Organization Manages Quality of its Products Quality is at the heart of Nokia products. It is their objective to provide quality products for its customers. Quality brand is a characteristic of the products and services of Nokia Corporation. Nokia Company is linked with the passion for the pursuit of constant improvement to an extent that it will exceed the expectations of the customers. Since Nokia is a leading telecommunication c ompany in the globe, it is necessary that high-quality standards should be upheld in all aspects of its operations. Nokia has the desire to achieve quality in the following fields: customer services to enhance customer loyalty, products through constant innovation and improvement and quality in its operations by ensuring effectiveness and efficiency in its management. Analysis of when and how the company can determine whether to outsource or make product in-house As a global company, Nokia sources materials and components as well as services from all over the world. Its sourcing can be classified into two, namely, direct and indirect sourcing. Outsourcing is considered as one way of reducing costs while enhancing performance. A company can only outsource that service which is not central to the business of the corporation. Direct sourcing: this is responsible for the material supply of Nokia’s products; these may include the components, product parts, packaging and software a s well as research and development of new products. Indirect sourcing: this is responsible for the capital equipments like furniture and computer. It also encompasses the sourcing of catering and consultancy services. To be competitive in the market and for profitability, Nokia outsourced its IT services to Capgemini, which is an IT consultant firm of France origin. Outsourcing is necessary to enable the company focus on the supply chain as well as the need to address market efficiency, which has the potential of saving costs and transforming the production process in the chain of supply. Consequently, the company has also outsourced the production of Symbian software development to a company called Accenture, as part of the deal, Nokia was to transfer 2, 800 of its workers to Accenture. Accenture was to provide software services to Nokia operations in Britain, US, India, China and Finland. In this scenario, outsourcing was necessary since it was used as a measure to minimize the la bor force and costs to be able to remain competitive in the market and to catch up with its rivals like Smartphone manufacturers. How the Organization deals with Issues of Contract Under its contract with Capgemini, the IT firm was to provide management services like the delivery of goods and making of customer order management as well as invoicing. In this contract, matters facing customers are not entered or covered in the contract. Matters of contract are listed in the supplier requirements. It is therefore, the duty of the suppliers to best decide whether they can meet the demands and the terms of the contract. When Nokia enters into a contract with suppliers, the following issues are put into consideration; what they are supplying, what they require in order to supply, how long the suppliers will be obligated to supply, their price of supplying it and what they will be held liable in case things do not flow as expected. All the above factors will define how the supplier will ha ndle the commercial agreement and how business will be consulted under the agreement. It will also make it easy for the supplier to operate under the terms of the agreement. With regards to Nokia’s contract with the customers, the customer would want to be guaranteed of the flexibility of the product to be supplied and the price to be paid for the product. A short-term of Nokia’s contract with the customers is the bonus factor. Generally, confidentiality is important in contract negotiations and there is also need for boiler plate clauses in the contract. Production and Inventory Control Measures When compared with its competitors, Nokia utilizes the life cycle concept of the production process. This involves the manufacturing of mobile phones in two main phases; first is the building of the innards of the phone while the second stage is labeled as fast turnaround, and it is referred as the assembly to order. Nokia Company has almost ten production units with high prod uctivity and a big production capacity. These units are only in those countries that Nokia has operations. Consequently, Nokia has a better production technology savvy which can produce the products at an amazing speed as well as sustaining mass production. Nokia Company enjoys very big economies of scale. It is estimated that it averages at $88 making a phone and $129 retailing it; this is an indication that Nokia’s gross profit margin is very high. The production department of the Nokia Corporation is a central competency of the Company. The company has the potential and the capacity to meet the increasing market demands for mobile phones while enjoying economies of scale because of the massive production of mobile phones. It is the production technology that is utilized by the company that makes it rank as the best and the largest mobile manufacturing in the world. Nokia Corporation is the leading mobile phones’ manufacturer in the market based on its volume of sale s and the quality of its products. This is due to its ability to select best suppliers in the market and also its large production capacity. Nokia Corporation has one of the best and wide networks of product distribution, which stems from the village market to the remotest parts of the globe where they have stalls to the most advanced markets in Europe and America where they have concept stores. Joint ventures and cooperation with the supplier has enabled Nokia to utilize its inventory levels. Nokia suppliers who are at times contracted to be Nokia partners take part in the product-development process to satisfy the demands for the future production. The effective and efficient management of inventory in the Nokia Company is backed up by diversification of supplier location. Consequently, Nokia built its inventory based on demand but there is always minimum levels inventory that should be kept constant. Relationship between Demand, Supply and Logistics in the Organization Though it is necessary to match supply and demand in every organization, there are often some difficulties that are encountered in the efforts to match demand and supply. This may include the uncertainties in demand and supply, variations in consumer requirements and the fragmentation of the supply chain. Logistics is understood as the flow of materials, money and information from the suppliers to the consumers while demand, on the other hand, is defined as the flow of operations from the supplier to the manufacturers’ locations and finally to the consumers. The logistics costs that are attached to the demand supply include the freight costs, warehousing and the interest rates levied. It is the responsibility of the logistics to find the cheapest and most affordable way of producing a product and the best method of reaching to the consumers. The logistics department must establish the most economical element of supply (Scribd, 2011). Conclusion The shortening of the product life-cycle poses problems to the development of a new product by Nokia. Several companies no longer comply with the demand that a product should undergo all the stages from design to launch for it to be made available to the market. This has, however, facilitated faster and active procurement in companies. Nokia Corporation acknowledges the importance of outsourcing to realize high profitability. Consequently, the company requires its sub-contractors and suppliers to adhere to the stipulated terms of contract to prevent unnecessary legal complications, which might spoil the reputation of the company. Like any other company, Nokia has suppliers from all corners of the world, and it is the duty of the company to define its requirements for suppliers in wherever they are situated. To ensure efficient and reliable product supply, Nokia has devised a Nokia Supplier Requirements (NSR) that its suppliers must subscribe and comply with. Nokia stresses the need for openness and trust in its transaction s with the suppliers; it is thus two phrases that drive compliance and improvements of performance. This can be assessed through supplier assessments by the company. To enhance supplier confidence and reliability, Nokia undertakes supplier training, which makes it a unique company in the globe. References Burt, D. N., Petcavage, S. D., Pinkerton, R. L. (2010). Supply management (8th Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw†Hill. Cavinato, J.L., Flynn, A.E. Kauffman, R.G. (2006). The supply management handbook. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Kalra, D. (2011). Global supply-chain management of Nokia. Slide Share net. Web. Nokia Website. (2011). Supply chain. Nokia Corporation. Web. Scribd. (2011). Supply-chain management in Nokia. Web. Shah, J. (2009). Supply-chain management: texts and cases. India: Pearson Education. This essay on Managing Supply Chain of Nokia was written and submitted by user Gianna Jennings to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.